Marriage ProtestLucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, 1855

When Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell were married, they protested against laws of the time in which women lost their legal existence upon marriage (coverture), and stated that they would not voluntarily comply with such laws. The following was signed by  Lucy Stone  and Henry Blackwell prior to their  May 1, 1855  marriage. The Rev. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, who performed the marriage, not only read the statement at the ceremony, but also distributed it to other ministers as a model that he urged other couples to follow. While acknowledging our mutual affection by publicly assuming the relationship of husband and wife, yet in justice to ourselves and a great principle, we deem it a duty to declare that this act on our part implies no sanction of, nor promise of voluntary obedience to such of the present laws of marriage, as refuse to recognize the wife as an independent, rational being, while they confer upon the husband an injurious and unnatural superiority, investing him with legal powers which no honorable man would exercise, and which no man should possess. We protest especially against the laws which give to the husband:1. The custody of the wifes person.2. The exclusive control and guardianship of their children.3. The sole ownership of her personal, and use of her real estate, unless previously settled upon her, or placed in the hands of trustees, as in the case of minors, lunatics, and idiots.4. The absolute right to the product of her industry.5. Also against laws which give to the widower so much larger and more permanent interest in the property of his deceased wife, than they give to the widow in that of the deceased husband.6. Finally, against the whole system by which the legal existence of the wife is suspended during marriage, so that in most States, she neither has a legal part in the choice of her residence, nor can she make a will, nor sue or be sued in her own name, nor inherit property.We believe that personal independence and equal human rights can never be forfeited, except for crime; that marriage should be an equal and permanent partnership, and so recognized by law; that until it is so recognized, married partners should provide against the radical injustice of present laws, by every means in their power... Also on this site: About Lucy Stone:  More resources on this site for Lucy Stone: biography, links, quotations. The Progress of Fifty Years:  A talk by Lucy Stone in 1893 at the Columbian Exposition. Marriage Protest - 1832:  The protest of Robert Dale Owen against womens legal status after marriage. Emily Dickinson: Continuing Enigma:  Includes the story of Dickinsons correspondence with Thomas Wentworth Higginson, and the editing of her poems after her death by Higginson and Mabel Todd. Womens Property Rights  and  Coverture:  Information on the legal status of women and changes over time in related laws.

Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance - 1909 Words

The Harlem Renaissance was a social and cultural movement aimed to alter the conventional notion of â€Å"The Negro† and to expound on African American’s adversities through literature, music, and visual arts. After World War I, Harlem, New York became a central location for African Americans for greener pastures and racial equality. Large quantities of black writers, artists, and intellectuals emerged within the urban scene and played a pivotal role of defining the movement in their respective fields. As a result, Harlem became a creative mecca and established a birthplace of black pride in the United States. Langston Hughes, a prominent poet during the 1920s, helped pave a road for literary innovation. Langston possessed an ability to portray†¦show more content†¦In 1921, Langston Hughes enrolled at Columbia University and studied the field of engineering. It was a short-lived educational process, however Hughes affiliated himself with the prospering cultural movement within the vicinity of Harlem, New York. In the early 1920s, he commenced on traveling in foreign countries and continued to publish his poetries. The public exposure of his writing composition increased by connections of American poet Vachel Lindsey and novelist Carl Van Vechten. In 1925, Hughes’s poem â€Å"The Weary Blues† won the first prize in the Opportunity magazine literary competition which earned him a scholarship to Lincoln University. The essence of poetry is its versatility of evoking images and feelings. â€Å"The Weary Blues† appealed to a broad spectrum of audience for his distinct style of integrating jazz rhythm and dialect in order to delineate urban blacks. Racial segregation was prolonged for many generations. Due to Hughes’s mixed status as Caucasian and African American, he was unable to immerse himself within the two contradicting ethnic groups. Hughes expressed his perplexity through his work called â€Å"Cross.â₠¬  The poem also addressed the difference of faith between two different racial groups. Case in point, the poem states, â€Å"My old man died in a fine big house. My ma died in a shack.† Both coexist in the same society, but their death symbolizes the dissimilar treatment. Although Hughes was criticized byShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there wereRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1219 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem renaissance is an artistic revolutionary period that took place between 1917 and 1937. This was after the First World War. Harlem was a district in New York. The Harlem renaissance impacted the social, cultural as well as artistic aspects of the black community. Many black people were encouraged to flee the southern sides where the caste system continued to oppress the black people. At this period, racial inequalities as well as other social injusticesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages† - Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance took place in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s. The movement was an expression of African American culture across the Midwestern and Northeastern states of America, with Harlem being the heart of it. The Harlem Renaissance also left a lasting impression on black writers from the Caribbean and other African Colonies who immigrated to Paris. There were many artists of many different mediums that left a lasting impact of black culture, and Langston HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1736 Words   |  7 PagesAug 2017 The Dream Called Langston As an artist, or literature, music or visual art, there is power in creating pieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning from the mid 1920’sRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1476 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes, a Voice for the Taciturn Take a time machine back to one of the most culturally-rich times in history, the Modern Age. More specifically, set your destination to northern Manhattan in the early 20s. When you step onto those bustling streets, you’ll find yourself swept up in the Harlem Renaissance. The contemporary writers you are surrounded by are legends such as Langston Hughes and W. E. B. DuBois, and the contemporary musicians you may hear at a local nightclub include some ofRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1703 Words   |  7 Pagesis a quote from a well-known poet by the name of Langston Hughes who served as a prominent figure in African American history and is known for maintaining a significant role in one of the most culturally influential periods for African Americans -The Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance describes a significant era in time where hundreds or artists, writers and musicians living in Harlem came together to form a vibrant, creative community. Hughes along with many other talented and innovative AfricanRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : Langston Hughes1145 Words   |  5 Pagesplace called Harlem and this is where it all started. Harlem became the training ground for blues and jazz and gave birth to a young generation of Negro Artist, who referred to themselves as the New Negro. The New Negro was the base for an epoch called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance allowed for the materialization of the double consciousness of the Negro race as demonstrated by artists such as Langston Hughes. During the peak of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes created poetryRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Harlem Renaissance1151 Words   |  5 Pagesmass movement of people is called the Great Migration. One of the most popular places African Americans moved to was Harlem, New York. This city was a cultural and artistic polestar for people of color. It became known for the start of the African American cultural and artistic revolut ion known as the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†. Out of the Renaissance came poet Langston Hughes. Hughes’ grandparents were abolitionists and worked to instill the same sense of justice into him, which can be seen in his writingsRead MoreAspects Of Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance755 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrimination, the Harlem Renaissance was a time of emergence for African Americans artists. Several writers such as Langston Hughes emerged during this period. African American writers who emerged during the Harlem Renaissance were heroes to lower-class blacks living in Harlem. Langston Hughes was a household name amongst the lower-class during the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’s poetry was strongly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance because of his love for the black masses. Hughes was determined to

Impact of Economic Reforms of Financial Sectors on The Economy of Saud

Question: Give the literature Survey: identifying important items of existing literature that define key aspects of the current state of knowledge Generally- importance of economic reformImportance of financial sectorSaudi Stocks Market Insurance sector Brokers and Intermediaries banksReal-estate Investments firms Answer: Introduction The economy of Saudi Arabia is very strong because it is the crude oil producer and exporter in the world. According the past economic performance, it can be said that the financial system of this country has grown rapidly due taking several economic reforms by the government. The financial sector of Saudi Arabia has also large contribution for the growth of the company (Al Rajhi et al. 2012). After reviewing literature, it has found that there few research studies have done on the importance of economic reforms in financial sector particularly in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is considered as one of the largest economies in the world (Mahran and Hatim Ameer 2012). On the other side, so many reforms were taken place for the growth of the economy. But few studies were done in this area and those are not show clear understandings about the importance of economic reforms of Saudi Arabia for the growth of economy. So, it is very much important to investigate this area academically. The purp ose of the current study is to identify whether economic reforms are successful for the growth of financial sector as well as economy. Literature Survey According to Abdulrahman and Al-Tuwaijri (2015), Saudi Arabia was facing certain challenges for the growth of the economy few years ago. On the other side, decreasing of oil price also created huge pressure for the development of the economy. So, it was required to reforms the financial sectors of the economy to maintain the growth of the economy as well as economic stability. The several reforms were done in financial sectors by the government such as capital market, insurance sector, brokers and intermediaries banks and real estate. Stock Market According to the opinion of Alghamedi, Ahmed and Misfer (2012), less importance was given on stock market for the economic growth rather other financial sectors. The country is mainly focused on the banking sector. But several research studies also show the evidence that stock market can also play important for the development of the economy through the performance of certain financial functions such as risk diversification, facilitation of liquidity, promotion of corporate control and monitoring and so else. As it is said by Lawson (2011) that stock market can influence a steady growth through changing the quality of different financial functions. It can create impact on the rate of savings, technological progress and economic efficiency. According to the statement of Hvidt (2011), stock market can be considered as significant financial institution though issuance of equity is smaller source of finance. Stock market can be considered significant sources (both FDI and portfolios) of investment fund for emerging markets and economies in transition. Insurance Sector According to Al-Hamidy (2011), insurance sector has also important for economic growth because it contributes to efficient capital accumulation. Though accumulating large of pools fun can be invested other sector for growth of industries as well as economy. As it is sated by Balcilar, Demirer R. and Hammoudeh (2013), the insurance of sectors of Saudi Arabia is growing more than 15% per annum since 2000. But according to a recent conference report, the government wants to set the growth at 25% annual average rate (SU, 2015). Insurance sector has also substantial contribution to the GDP of Saudi Arabia. Neaime (2012) opined that the activities of insurance market can contribute economic growth both as financial intermediary and provider of risk transfer. It also helps in mobilizing the domestic savings. On the other side, insurance can create several effects such as promoting financial stability, facilitating trade, mobilizing savings, encouraging loss mitigation, enabling risk and enabling risk to be managed more efficiently. Brokerage and Intermediaries Banks As it is investigated by Mahran, Hatim Ameer (2012) that financial brokerage and intermediaries play vital role in fostering the economic growth. The roles of brokerage and financial intermediaries in Saudi Arabia are mobilization of investment fund and proper allocation of the collected finance, provision of liquidity insurance by minimizing the risk and allowance of an efficient risk pooling among different investment projects. Certain research studies also shows the evidence that government policy has greater role between financial intermediaries and growth. The basic role of brokerage and intermediaries banks is to concern with savings and investment decision. Real-estate Investment Firms According to the research study of Suter and Keller (2015), real-estate sector has also crucial role for the development of economy in present economy. In case of Saudi Arabia, the growth of real estate sector is faster than the population growth. Real estate sectors provided greater support for the marinating the economic stability in case of economic crisis. As it is said by Presley and Westaway (2013) that construction is considered as one of important sector and create greater impact on the economic development. It helps in making the financial system more efficient through mobilize savings, expand access and reduce informal sources of finance. Research Questions Researcher is going to set the following questions for the current study: Did Economic Reform positively reflect on related sector? Did Economic Reform success to develop the financial sector? Did Economic Reforms of financial sectors reflect on the macroeconomic level? Proposed Methodology This is study will be done on the basis of economy of Saudi Arabia. So, broad aspects of economy need to be covered for the evaluation the impact of economic reforms of financial sector for the development and growth economy. The four financial sectors will be selected for the study such as stock market, insurance sector, brokerage and intermediaries banks and real-estate investment firms. So, researcher is going to select the diversify approach for determining the outcomes of the study. Customer satisfaction questionnaires will be collected to collect the data and reviews of various experts will be used for determining the relationship between variable using different approaches such as co-integration method. Resource Requirement Primary data are required for analyzing the impact of economic reforms. On the various secondary data are also required for making support to analyze the impact of economic reforms and that will be collected from different books, articles, journals and websites. Computers are required to prepare the questionnaire and conducting the analysis through software. Schedule of Work The main task is to review the literature of selected four aspects of financial sector of Saudi Arabia. After reviewing the literature and collecting all data, analysis will be done to determine the impact of economic reforms. It is expected that each part of financial sector will take 1 year to enrich to the outcome. Activities Duration Start Finish Selection of topic 2 days 1/2/2016 1/3/2016 Selection of sourcing data and setting of research aims 5 days 1/4/2016 1/8/2016 Literature review and evaluation of financial sectors 1460 days 1/3/2016 1/16/2020 Stock Market 365 days 1/3/2016 1/5/2017 Insurance Sector 365 days 1/6/2017 1/8/2018 Brokerage and Intermediaries Banks 365 days 1/9/2018 1/12/2019 Real-estate Investment Firms 365 days 1/13/2019 1/16/2020 Setting of research methodologies 60 days 12/12/2016 2/10/2017 Activities related to primary data collection 20 days 2/17/2020 2/8/2020 Table 1: Schedules of major activities Personal Development Needs Various quantitative techniques will be used for the analysis. So, quantitative and computing skills are essential for the research study. References Abdulrahman, H. and Al-Tuwaijri, A. 2015. Opening Statement. [online] Isdb.org. Available at: https://www.isdb.org/irj/go/km/docs/documents/IDBDevelopments/Internet/English/IDB/CM/Publications/IDB_AnnualSymposium/19thSymposium/Opening%20Statement_Chairman.pdf [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Alghamedi, Ahmed and Misfer, A. 2012. Assessing the Impact of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Analysis [online] etheses.dur.ac.uk. Al-Hamidy, A. 2011. Brief overview of the Saudi Arabian insurance industry. [online] Bis.org. Available at: https://www.bis.org/review/r110504e.pdf [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Al Rajhi, A., Al Salamah, A., Malik, M. and Wilson, R., 2012.Economic Development in Saudi Arabia. Routledge. Balcilar, M., Demirer, R. and Hammoudeh, S., 2013. Investor herds and regime-switching: Evidence from Gulf Arab stock markets.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,23, pp.295-321. Hvidt, M., 2011. Economic and institutional reforms in the Arab Gulf countries.The Middle East Journal,65(1), pp.85-102. Lawson, F.H., 2011. Keys to the Kingdom: Current Scholarship on Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Middle East Studies,43(04), pp.737-747. Mahran and Hatim Ameer, 2012. "Financial intermediation and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An empirical analysis, 1968-2010."Modern Economy3, no. 05 (2012): 626. Neaime, S., 2012. The global financial crisis, financial linkages and correlations in returns and volatilities in emerging MENA stock markets.Emerging Markets Review,13(3), pp.268-282. Presley, J.R. and Westaway, T., 2013. Monetary Sector in a Financial Surplus, Islamic Developing Economy: The Case of Saudi Arabia. SU, C. 2015.TESTS FOR CAUSALITY BETWEEN INSURANCE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH USING ASYMPTOTIC AND PANEL BOOTSTRAP DISTRIBUTIONS. [online] Ecocyb.ase.ro. Available at: https://www.ecocyb.ase.ro/nr.3.pdf/Chi-Wei%20Su.pdf [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Suter, R. and Keller, B. (2015).The role of insurance in the Middle East and North Africa. [online] Commercialriskeurope.com. Available at: https://www.commercialriskeurope.com/uploads/files/databank/The-Role-Of-Insurance-In-The-Middle-East-North-Africa-Zurich.pdf [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015].